In the early stages of spring, as temperatures gradually rise, sudden drops in temperature often occur due to cold air intrusions. These temperature fluctuations can be significant, with cooling rates reaching 5–10°C, causing temperatures to drop to 5°C or even below freezing. This abrupt change poses a serious threat to early spring crops, especially those grown in greenhouses and protected environments.
Most early spring vegetables are cultivated in controlled conditions, including solanaceous crops, melons, legumes, and leafy greens. The rapid and severe temperature changes make it difficult for young seedlings to adapt. The longer the cold period lasts, the greater the damage. Short-term cold waves typically affect the above-ground parts of the plants, while prolonged cold events can harm the roots and underground structures. In severe cases, frost damage may occur, leading to fruit drop, reduced yields, or even plant death. Additionally, such conditions can promote the spread of certain pests and diseases.
Damage severity varies depending on the type of facility. Greenhouses suffer more than small and medium-sized sheds. Vegetables like tomatoes and peppers are more vulnerable than leafy greens. Mature plants are generally more resilient than seedlings, but those in the flowering and fruiting stage are the most affected.
To mitigate these risks, farmers should implement the following strategies:
1. **Deep Trenches**: Dig cold trenches and repair protective structures. Stakes should be 20–25 cm high, with a ridge width of 120 cm (including the ditch). A narrow ditch, 15–20 cm wide and 30 cm deep, should be dug around the greenhouse.
2. **Water and Fertilizer Control**: Manage irrigation and fertilization carefully. Encourage strong seedling growth and apply anti-cold antifreeze sprays to enhance resilience.
3. **Monitor Weather and Improve Management**: Stay updated with weather forecasts and adjust field management accordingly to respond quickly to temperature shifts.
4. **Enhance Insulation**: During continuous rainy periods, improve insulation to reduce heat loss. Cover with straw mats or use double-layer plastic films to maintain warmth.
5. **Supplement Light and Heat**: When low temperatures result from lack of sunlight, take measures to compensate. Ensure minimum temperatures stay above 5°C. Use methods like heating stoves, electric heaters, or additional lighting to support plant growth.
6. **Strengthen Pest Control**: Implement integrated pest management based on disease patterns. Use dry smoke powders or fumigants to prevent disease outbreaks, and minimize liquid pesticide use where possible. Combine with cooling techniques to boost effectiveness.
7. **Stop Watering**: During prolonged rain, avoid watering, stop intensive cultivation, and limit air release. Cover old crops early and protect fruits to prevent further losses.
8. **Plant Cold-Resistant Crops**: After a cold event, take immediate action. For damaged fields, consider replanting with fast-growing, cold-tolerant crops like leeks, April cabbage, or white radishes to ensure quick recovery.
By adopting these proactive measures, farmers can better protect their crops and reduce the impact of unpredictable spring weather.
Monkfish-Sliced,Monkfish-Fillets,Monkfish Tails With Skinless,Monkfish Tails With Skin-On
GOLD STAR FISHERY ZHOUSHAN CO.,LTD. , https://www.goldstar-aquatic.com