Eriosoma lonigerum, commonly known as the apple aphid, is a species belonging to the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha, and family Pseudococcidae. Native to the eastern United States, it has since spread to various regions around the world, including China. In China, it has been reported in Shandong, Tianjin, Hebei, Shaanxi, Henan, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Yunnan, and even Lhasa in Tibet. The introduction of this pest into new areas typically occurs through the movement of infested plant material such as seedlings, scions, fruits, packaging materials, and fruit containers. It can also be spread naturally by farming activities like pruning, thinning, and winged migration.
This aphid primarily affects a wide range of plants, including apples, pears, hawthorns, plums, mulberries, sorghum, and other fruit-bearing crops. It feeds on shoots, leaves, buds, and roots, causing damage by sucking sap from the plant tissues. Infestation leads to darkening of petioles, reduced photosynthesis, early leaf fall, and fruit drop. Root damage results in galls, which prevent the formation of fibrous roots and eventually cause root rot. Due to its harmful effects, Eriosoma lonigerum is considered a quarantine pest in China, with notable presence in Shandong, Liaoning, Henan, and Sichuan.
Morphologically, adult females are winged and measure 1.7 to 2.0 mm in length, with a wingspan of about 5.5 mm. They have a dark brown body, red and brown belly, and are covered in white waxy secretions. Their compound eyes are red and black, with an eye tumor, and their antennae have six segments, with specific structures in the third and fourth segments. Wingless females are slightly larger, measuring 1.8 to 2.2 mm, with a more rounded body and visible nodules. Males are smaller, measuring 0.7 mm, and have a more slender body with degenerated mouthparts.
The eggs are oval, about 0.5 mm long, initially orange-yellow and later turning yellow-brown. They are smooth and coated with a white powder. In terms of life cycle, the apple aphid completes its full life cycle in the U.S., overwintering as eggs on American quail. However, in Europe and Asia, where the alternate host is absent, it remains on apple trees year-round. In the Jiaodong region of China, it produces up to 86 generations annually, with most overwintering as first or second instar nymphs on tree trunks and branches. Spring activity begins in early April, with peak population growth in May to July, making this period critical for control efforts.
Control measures include strict quarantine to prevent further spread, early spring treatments using dimethoate or methamidophos, and foliar sprays during the early stages of infestation. Tree trunk painting, root treatment, and bark banding with insecticides are also effective methods. Additionally, maintaining good orchard hygiene, removing infected bark, and implementing proper farming practices can significantly reduce infestation risks. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are essential for managing this destructive pest effectively.
Nucleic Acid (DNA/RNA) Extraction Kit
1. Introduction
The total viral nucleic acid extraction kit is suitable for extracting total viral nucleic acid from serum, plasma, tissue homogenate and other samples. The kit is based on silica column purification technology, which eliminates the need for toxic phenol-chloroform extraction and time-consuming alcohol precipitation. This product has successfully extracted nucleic acids from hepatitis B A/C, hepatitis C, and norovirus standard. The obtained DNA/RNA can be directly used in a series of downstream experiments such as PCR, RT-PCR, and LAMP.
Notice:
1. The carrier RNA solid must be dissolved in Nuclease Free Water to 1µg/µl before use, and vortex to dissolve. Store in aliquots at -70°C. If you need to store it at -20℃ for a long time, please repackage it according to the number of times of use.
2. Dissolve Proteinase K (20mg/ml): Add Proteinase Dissolve Buffer to dissolve Proteinase K to a final concentration of 20mg/ml. Proteinase K dry powder can be stored at 2-8°C for one year, but dissolved Proteinase K must be stored in aliquots at -20°C. Repeated freezing and thawing of Proteinase K can affect its activity.
3. Buffer VHB must be diluted with 14 ml absolute ethanol before use and stored at room temperature.
4. Buffer RW2 must be diluted with 80 ml of absolute ethanol before use and stored at room temperature.
3. Shelf life
Except for Proteinase K and Carrier RNA, other components of this product can be stored at room temperature (15-25°C) for 12 months, and should be stored at 2-8°C for long-term storage. Proteinase K and Carrier RNA dry powder are transported at room temperature. Please store at -20°C after receiving the test product, and store at -20°C after dissolving.
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