In recent winter and spring seasons, the southern part of the country has faced prolonged periods of low temperatures and continuous rain. These sudden temperature drops and freezing conditions have significantly affected the poultry farming industry. To minimize losses, farmers must take timely and effective measures to protect their flocks from cold-related damage.
First, ensure proper insulation. Seal all gaps in walls and roofs, except for ventilation areas, and fix doors and windows. Cover north-facing windows with boards and use glass or plastic film on south-facing windows. At night, hang straw mats or blankets over doors and windows to retain heat. Adding a mezzanine or ceiling under the roof can help block cold air. Install electric blankets, heating plates, or infrared lamps to supplement warmth. For poultry houses with outdoor areas, construct a low-profile greenhouse using plastic film to create an enclosed space. Increasing stocking density slightly can also help maintain warmth. In extreme cases, cover the entire house with a nylon sheet or double-layer plastic, ensuring some ventilation holes are left to prevent suffocation.
Second, adjust feeding practices. During cold weather, poultry requires more energy to stay warm. Increase the proportion of energy-rich feeds like corn and grains, and consider adding 1% fat to the diet if needed. This helps compensate for higher energy demands.
Third, maintain dry and well-ventilated conditions. Closed poultry houses tend to be humid, leading to high levels of harmful gases. Regularly clean cages and remove droppings. Open windows and doors during warmer hours, such as between 10 am and 2 pm, for short periods to allow fresh air in. Use fans if necessary. Place lime in the house to absorb moisture, and sprinkle superphosphate weekly to reduce ammonia. Fumigate with a mix of Artemisia leaves, Daqingye, Atractylodes, and garlic stalks every 10 days to eliminate odors.
Fourth, manage stress. When temperatures drop, increase feed quantity by 5 grams per 3°C decrease. Administer anti-cold-stress supplements containing glucose, potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium chloride, mixed in warm water and given twice daily for 3–5 days. Before vaccinations, ensure birds are healthy and avoid vaccinating weak individuals. Add vitamin C and E to feed two days before and after vaccination to reduce stress.
Fifth, implement regular disinfection. Clean and disinfect poultry houses, equipment, and surrounding areas using different types of disinfectants to prevent resistance. Disinfect once a week under normal conditions, and increase frequency to 2–3 times a week if diseases occur. Reduce disinfectant concentration by 10%–20% when temperatures are low.
Sixth, focus on disease prevention. Develop a tailored vaccination schedule based on local disease patterns. Add broad-spectrum antibiotics like doxycycline or florfenicol to feed every four weeks for 3–5 days. Include deworming agents like levamisole or avermectin in feed. Monitor poultry closely, isolate sick birds, and treat them promptly to prevent disease spread.
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