In the spring corn growing season, meteorological disasters are frequent, especially severe storms and prolonged rainfall, which often lead to lodging, stem breakage, and waterlogging. These conditions can significantly hinder corn growth and result in substantial yield losses. Therefore, it is crucial to implement timely remedial measures after a disaster to help the crop recover and minimize damage.
First, prompt earthing up is essential. During the jointing and maturing stages, heavy storms can cause corn stalks to lodge or bend. If not addressed quickly, the plants may intertwine, reducing photosynthesis and leading to major yield loss. Once the rain stops, it's important to straighten the corn plants and cover the base of the stems with soil, pressing it down with your feet. This process helps the plants develop new roots within 2-3 days, allowing them to recover rapidly with minimal impact on production. In the early jointing stage, if the lodging angle is less than 45 degrees, the plants can naturally recover within 5-7 days without intervention.
Second, for severe lodging, bundling multiple stalks together can be effective. Tall corn varieties are particularly vulnerable during the grain-filling period when heavy storms hit, as their heavy ears make them more prone to breaking. If left untreated, this can lead to even greater yield losses. In such cases, it’s best to tie 3-4 neighboring plants together so they support each other, preventing further damage and helping the plants mature properly, thus reducing yield loss.
Third, drainage is critical. During the spring growing season, especially in southern regions, heavy and continuous rainfall is common. Excess water can accumulate in the fields, increasing soil moisture to dangerous levels, which suffocates the roots and impairs plant function. This can lead to root rot and reduced productivity. After heavy rains, it's important to clear the ditches, furrows, and channels to drain excess water, lower the groundwater level, and reduce soil moisture. Low-lying areas and paddy fields are especially at risk, making proper drainage even more vital. Although corn requires adequate water, it is sensitive to waterlogging. Studies show that waterlogging for just 1-2 days during the tasseling stage has little effect, but 3 days can reduce yield by 20%, and 4-5 days can cut yields by 40%. Clearly, waterlogging poses a serious threat to corn production.
Fourth, strengthening field management is key. After wind and rain damage, it's essential to take immediate action to promote recovery and restore growth. This includes loosening the soil, removing compaction, and improving aeration to help the roots return to normal function. Depending on the severity of the damage, applying additional nitrogen fertilizer can also help accelerate regrowth and improve overall plant health. These steps are crucial in enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and ensuring the crop recovers as quickly as possible.
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