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Pheasants, also known as pheasants or partridges, are renowned for their vibrant and colorful feathers, often compared to the mythical phoenix. Despite being raised in captivity, they retain strong wild instincts. These birds are fast-growing, highly productive in egg-laying, adaptable to various environments, and possess strong resistance to diseases. Their meat is not only delicious but also rich in essential amino acids and trace elements, making them a high-protein, low-fat game bird with potential medicinal benefits.
1. Living Habits of Pheasants
Pheasants have excellent adaptability and can be found in many regions around the world. They typically migrate seasonally, moving to higher altitudes in summer and lower elevations in autumn. Their diet is omnivorous, consisting mainly of plants such as sprouts, seeds, fruits, and grains, along with occasional insects. They eat small amounts frequently, preferring to nibble throughout the day.
Pheasants are not strong fliers and usually prefer to run or jump when threatened. They reach sexual maturity within 10 to 11 months and breed during May to June. A hen may lay two clutches per year, each containing 10 to 15 eggs weighing 25 to 28 grams. The eggs are generally light yellow and oval in shape.
2. Farm Construction
Pheasant farms should be located in areas with good drainage, shelter from wind, and minimal pollution. They should be away from villages, factories, and mines, and have access to clean water and electricity. Each house should be approximately 32 square meters. In large-scale farming, houses are typically 36 meters long, 8 meters wide, and 2 meters high. Outdoor spaces are enclosed with nylon nets or barbed wire to prevent escape. During hot summer months, shade is necessary.
3. Brooding Room
There are two types of brooding rooms: flat and cage-based. They must provide insulation and proper ventilation. A flat brooding room is about 20 meters long, 5 meters wide, and 2.5 to 2.8 meters high. It is divided into sections with fiberboard or bricks, with thermal insulation boards on one side. Windows at the top allow for ventilation, and heat sources like warm umbrellas or infrared bulbs are used. The floor is covered with straw, and up to 2,000 chicks can be raised per batch.
Cage-style brooding rooms use multiple cages for better management and hygiene. Each cage measures 100 cm x 50 cm x 45 cm, with mesh sizes that help reduce disease risks. Up to 40 chicks can be housed in one cage.
4. Feeding and Management
Pheasant care is divided into three stages: brooding, juvenile, and adulthood. During the brooding phase (about 42 days), temperature control, timely feeding, and grouping are crucial. Chicks require warm environments, frequent feedings, and careful monitoring to ensure survival.
Juveniles grow rapidly, gaining up to 10–15 grams daily. They should be fed balanced diets, including grains, vegetables, and supplements. Adult pheasants are managed differently depending on their stage—breeding, laying, or wintering. Proper nutrition, lighting, and space are essential for optimal health and productivity.
5. Hatching Eggs
Egg incubation requires attention to quality, temperature, and humidity. Eggs should not be stored longer than five days and must be kept at 18°C with 70–80% humidity. They should be turned regularly and disinfected before incubation. Temperature during hatching should be between 37–37.5°C, with humidity adjusted accordingly. Eggs are turned every two hours and tested for viability at specific intervals.
6. Breeding Pheasants Out of Season
Traditionally, pheasants breed from April to May and stop by September. However, by managing breeding cycles and using artificial lighting, it’s possible to produce eggs all year round. This allows for off-season sales, which can be more profitable due to higher demand and prices. By controlling light exposure and nutrition, farmers can extend the breeding period and increase economic returns.
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