Under open cultivation conditions, the time to market for strawberries is generally May, and the time to market is short and concentrated, which does not satisfy people's long-term demand for fresh strawberries. In the early 1990s, strawberry cultivation facilities gradually matured in China, especially to achieve
The early results of the promotion of cultivation, has also been rapid development. In 1999, the Datong City Bureau of Agriculture introduced new varieties of strawberry from Shenyang and other places, and conducted cultivation experiments in the greenhouse of Datong County's nursery. Through the implementation of supporting technologies, basically, strawberries can be listed before the Spring Festival. Harvest period of 4 months, the average yield of 580 kg per mu. Mu income more than 6,500 yuan. The techniques for promoting cultivation of strawberry in the solar greenhouse in cold regions are summarized below.
First, the introduction of new varieties
We introduced the Shenyang Nongda Pallet virus-free original seedlings as the mother plant for breeding. The cited mother plant was suitable for the cultivation of Fengxiang, and Feregnia two new varieties. Fengxiang is a Japanese variety with great fruit and excellent quality. Sleep shallow. 12 in the northern greenhouse
Can collect fresh fruit market. The per mu output can reach 2000-3000 kilograms, which has a strong market competitiveness. Fermena is a Spanish variety, with a fruit size of more than 100 grams. It is resistant to storage and transport, and its quality is somewhat poor. It can be cultivated many times in a greenhouse.
Second, colonization within the greenhouse
Land preparation was completed before the end of August. When the site preparation is applied to the base fertilizer, the Mushi quality farmyard fertilizer is 5,000 kg, the compound fertilizer is 30 kg, and the urea is 15 kg. Deep-dip with the soil and mix well, and the ground is evenly distributed with carbofuran. It is advised to use Gaochun, South and North. On the top of the sorghum, it is evenly shaped to facilitate watering and fertilizing in winter. Planting time at the end of August at the beginning of September, sooner or later, the best cloudy planting. Two rows of plants were planted on the loquat, and the plants were planted with a hole of 18 cm spacing and 25 cm spacing. The seedlings planted in the greenhouse are best to choose the second to fourth generation of seedlings in the quasi-plant nursery, and planted with soil. The number of greenhouse plants is preferably 8000 per mu. The flower buds of grass poisonous are concentrated in the middle and late September. Therefore, after the planting of the seedlings in the greenhouse, the water should be controlled by fertilizer and Puyang should be used to promote flower bud differentiation and prevent seedlings from becoming long.
Third, the greenhouse greenhouse time and strawberry management techniques
l. Shed Shelf Time Datong District Sunlight Greenhouse sheds insulation period is early October. Lowest night
The temperature is maintained at 6-7 °C.
2. Temperature and Humidity Adjustment When artificially adjusting the indoor temperature, it is necessary to adjust the size of the open air outlet and the air release time in the morning and evening. Humidity adjustment is best done about 5 days after the shed is tamped. The rigorous black mulch film can be used when the humidity is high.
Before and after noon release.
3. Fertilizer and water management The first time the top dressing was applied during budding of the top inflorescence, the second topdressing fertilizer was inflated during the top inflorescence, and the third topdressing fertilizer was harvested during the top inflorescence fruit production. The fourth topdressing fertilizer was harvested at the late stage of top inflorescence fruit extraction. Every time after 15-20 days chase a fat. Top dressing and
Combined with watering, the main fertilizer is ternary compound fertilizer.
4. Flowering management During the bud period of strawberry, the temperature is controlled at 25-28°C during daytime, 23-25°C during flowering, 8-10°C at night, 23～25°C at night, 8-10°C at night, and humidity about 50%. This period is very important for thinning and fruit thinning. The first inflorescence generally retains about 7 flowers. To promote fruit setting, the leaves were sprayed with 0.3% urea or 0.3% potassium dioxoate 3-4 times before and after flowering. In addition, the flowering bee, make-up carbon dioxide gas fertilizer, the better. When the strawberry enters the flowering stage, after the top inflorescence is withdrawn, two good and strong liquid shoots are retained, and the rest are smashed and the old leaves are removed.
5. Management of fruit enlargement period In this period, the temperature is controlled at 20-25°C during the day and 5-7°C at night. From mid-December to early February, if the temperature does not meet the requirements during the night, a small arch canopy can be added to the raft and the upper part can be covered with a straw curtain. With the fruit
Increased, the inflorescence gradually droops, touches the ground, and is easily contaminated by soil and affects coloration and quality. In the case of mulching, a cross pull frame is made from bamboo rafts and wire drawing. The cross rack is 5-7 cm high from the ground and the inflorescence is controlled on a horizontal pull line so that the fruit does not touch the ground.
6. During the mature period, greenhouse strawberry in the Datong area began to mature gradually from late December to the end of April of the following year. After the first inflorescence strawberry is harvested, the diseased leaves, old leaves, and remaining inflorescence stems should be promptly removed to promote the second inflorescence. Second inflorescence requirement
With 4-5 fruit, this period is at a low temperature. Should be mainly sparse fruit and spraying 5-10 ml/liter of gibberellin solution. In the second half of February, the second inflorescence was successively produced. At the same time, the third inflorescence also began to become a fruit, that is, into the latter part of the management. This period combined with top dressing water, pay attention to control of red spider. After entering March, the ventilation period will be longer and the temperature will be controlled at about 25°C during the day and about 8°C at night. After the end of March, the third inflorescence entered the peak of the result, which was the last result of the strawberry in the greenhouse.
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