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Tenebrio also called breadworms, intended to be walking insects, is a Coleoptera. Tenebrio has the advantages of strong disease resistance, resistance to crude feeding, rapid growth and development, and strong fertility. It is rich in protein, fat and carbohydrates. And easy to raise, with inexpensive wheat bran, vegetable leaves, melon skin can be raised. First, the life history of Tenebrio Tenebrio life history is divided into four stages: eggs, larvae, cockroaches, moths. 1. Eggs: milky white, oval, rice size, eggs outside the egg shell from the protective effect, which is the yolk, Tenebrio eggs at 25 °C ~ 30 °C when 5 to 7 days that hatched larvae. 2. Larvae: The newly hatched larvae are small, about 3 mm long, milky white, and start eating after 2 days. If the temperature is between 25°C and 30°C, the moisture content of the feed is between 13% and 18%. After about 8 days, the first skin is deprived and the second-instar larvae grow to 5 mm in length. After about 6 days of molting again in about 35 days, it finally became an 8th instar larvae. The larvae were yellow and their body length increased to 25 mm. During the molting process, each larvae body has a significant increase in body length. At an appropriate temperature of 25°C to 28°C and an air humidity of 50% to 80%, the 8th instar larvae become pupa for approximately 10 days. 3. 蛹: The cricket that had just become milky white, then gradually yellowed and hardened, about 16 mm long, with large heads and small tails, with angular edges on both sides. The quail often floats on the surface of the feed, even if it is placed under the feed. It will soon climb up, and it will turn into moth after about 7 days. 4. Moths: Freshly emerged moths are milky white in color and have a golden head. They are young, not very active, and do not eat. They gradually turn yellow and turn black after about 3 to 5 days. They begin to feed, mating, and spawn. , Tenebrio eggs to sexual maturity, a total of about 70 days. The proportion of males and females of the moth is 1:1. Many males mate with each other for many times. When mating, the males crawl on the females' backs for mating. The mating females lay about 15 to 20 eggs per day, and the spawning period lasts up to 2 months. After gradually reducing, should be eliminated, so as not to occupy the spawning box. Dead adults should be cleared in time to avoid polluting the environment. Second, how to feed Tenebrio 1. The requirements of insect-removing equipment: use cardboard boxes, pots, cylinders, concrete pools, etc. can be, but the inner wall is required to be smooth, deep and more than 15 cm to avoid crawling insects. Now the ideal breeding equipment is raised in a square wooden box. My field is nailed into a square wooden box with 100/50/10 centimeters of wood. The bottom is fastened with plywood, and it is tightly wrapped around with a wide adhesive tape to make the inside of the box smooth. To prevent crawling out of bugs. In addition, when the moths spawn, they can be nailed with 804010 cm of wood, and the bottom is fastened with 51 meshes of wire mesh (for sieved wheat). The moths are placed inside. When spawning, the tail is extended out of the wire mesh to the spawning box to lay eggs. The box can be covered with a layer of bran so as not to damage the eggs. How to use: Place a 1005010 cm square wooden box underneath and place an 804010 cm iron sieve on the top. Place the laying moths and sprinkle the bran and vegetables. Leaves, melons, etc., allow them to feed freely, and when they feed, they should not exceed 1 cm, so as to prevent the moth from spawning when the moths spawn. When the moth spawns eggs for about 7 days, the spawning box should be placed separately. Care must be taken not to cause the eggs to be squeezed to avoid damage. When the eggs hatch from the larvae, no feed must be added at this time. The bran of the original egg-laying box is enough for the larvae to eat. As the insects grow, according to the actual situation, the feed must be added in time, and the worms must be screened regularly. 2. For feed requirements, Tenebrio eat a wide range of food sources. In artificial rearing, it is not necessary to study feed excessively. However, in order to produce Tenebrio as soon as possible, wheat bran, cornmeal, soybean cake, carrot, vegetable leaf, and melon must be added. The skin, etc., also feed the chicken compound to increase nutrition, but it must be 60% wheat bran. The proportion of compound feed used in the field is: wheat bran 80%, cornmeal 10%, peanut cake powder 10%, various food materials with proper, beneficial to the growth and development of Tenebrio, and save feed. Temperature requirements: Tenebrio is more cold-resistant, overwintering mature larvae can tolerate -2 °C, while the young larvae at 0 °C left hundreds of large deaths, -2 °C is its survival limit, 10 °C is the starting point of development, Above 8°C hibernating, 25°C to 30°C is the optimum temperature range, and the fastest growth and development is at 32°C. However, long-term high temperature is easy to get sick, and over 32°C will cause heat death. The above temperature refers to the internal temperature of the insect body. For larvae older than 4 years, when the temperature is at 26 °C, when the feed moisture content is 15% to 18%, the population temperature will be 10°C higher than the surrounding environment (ie 26°C temperature) plus the population temperature 10°C is equivalent to 36°C, Cooling should be taken at the time of extremes to prevent it from exceeding 38°C, especially during hot summer months. (1) Requirements for humidity: Tenebrio is resistant to drought and can survive in diets with a moisture content below 10%. In a dry environment, the growth and development are slow, the parasites are reduced, and a large amount of feed is wasted. The ideal feed moisture content is 15 %. The humidity is 50% to 80%. If the moisture content of feed exceeds 18%, and the air humidity exceeds 85%, the growth and development will be slowed down, and it is easy to get sick, especially moths are most likely to become ill. If the breeding room is too dry, it can be sprinkled with clear water. If the humidity is too high, it must be ventilated in time. The moisture content of the body of the mealworms is 48% to 50%. (2) Requirements for light: Tenebrio is a warehouse pest, which is naturally light-sensitive and naturally active. It is also active both day and night, indicating that there is no need for sunlight. Adult females lay more eggs in the darker areas than in bright light. Third, should pay attention to a few points in feeding the feeding method is good or bad, directly affect the survival rate and growth rate of Tenebrio, must pay attention to the following points: 1. Egg hatching, larvae, cockroaches, moths should be raised separately, can not be mixed The disadvantage of raising polycultures is that it is inconvenient to feed at the same time, and when larvae and moths feed, it is easy to eat eggs and eggs. 2. Although it is not eaten, it should be placed in a well-ventilated, dry place. It should not be closed or wet so as to avoid rot. When the mature larvae become pods, they must be picked out in time and placed in a separate box to prevent them from being eaten by the unchanging larvae. When you are awake, use less force to avoid pinching your cockroach. 3. The larvae of the same age should be kept together to keep the size of the insects uniform and convenient to feed. For example, if the larvae grow vigorously, they need to be supplemented with nutrients. The mature larvae do not need to be fed. Different seasons require different management methods, such as hot and hot weather. The larvae thrive and the insects need enough water. They must add vegetables, melons, etc. to supplement the water. The foodstuffs are too dry and the growth will slow down. If the temperature is too high, it must be ventilated and cooled in time. In winter, the moisture content of the insect body is small and the green feed must be reduced. 4. Stocking densities: Density of larvae is too low, growth and development is slowed down; Density is appropriately larger, growth and development is accelerated, but it cannot exceed 2 to 3 cm thick. When larvae exceed 30°C, they will die hot, and moths are not heat-resistant. Observe that when the temperature is at 30°C, there will be a large number of heat deaths that require attention. Fourth, the reproduction status of Tenebrio Tenebrio has the habit of temperature-changing animals, in the greenhouse (20 °C ~ 30 °C) Tenebrio can grow and reproduce all year round, can reproduce four generations. The natural temperature is generally 1 generation per year. The mature larvae can survive winters and the moths cannot overwinter. Before and after Ching Ming, crickets began to phlegm at the end of May and early June. In mid-June, they emerged as moths. Larvae appeared at the end of June and early July, grew from August to September, and hibernated in mid-October. In addition, prepare a screen surface for dill (120 mesh) to screen insects, use a 30 square wide, 20 high and 8 centimeter board to form a square, the bottom is screened tightly, and a sieve is made to screen the insects. use.
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